一、名詞的分類與數量表達 (Nouns and Quantity Expressions)
學會分辨名詞是可數還是不可數,是正確使用數量詞的關鍵喔!
可數名詞 (Countable Nouns)
- 定義:可以用數字計算的名詞,有單數和複數形式。
- 特性:
- 單數前可加 "a" 或 "an"。
- 複數通常加 "-s" 或 "-es"。
- 有不規則複數變化 (例如:man -> men, child -> children, foot -> feet, tooth -> teeth, person -> people)。
- 例句:
- I have an apple. (我有一顆蘋果。)
- There are three apples on the table. (桌上有三顆蘋果。)
- She wants a sandwich. (她想要一個三明治。)
- I saw a child playing. (我看到一個小孩在玩。)
- There are many children in the park. (公園裡有很多小孩。)
不可數名詞 (Uncountable Nouns)
- 定義:不能用數字計算的名詞,通常沒有複數形式。
- 特性:
- 前面不能加 "a" 或 "an"。
- 通常視為單數,動詞用單數形式 (is, has)。
- 例句:
- I need some water. (我需要一些水。) (不能說 "a water" 或 "two waters")
- There is much milk in the fridge. (冰箱裡有很多牛奶。)
- She likes juice. (她喜歡果汁。)
- Money is not everything. (金錢不是萬能的。)
可數與不可數皆可的名詞 (Nouns that can be both Countable and Uncountable)
- 有些名詞根據語境,可以同時是可數或不可數。
- 例句:
- I want some cake. (我想要一些蛋糕。) (不可數,指蛋糕這種食物)
- Can I have a cake for my birthday? (我生日可以有一個蛋糕嗎?) (可數,指一個完整的蛋糕)
- I like chicken. (我喜歡雞肉。) (不可數,指雞肉這種食物)
- I bought a chicken. (我買了一隻雞。) (可數,指一隻活雞或整隻烹煮的雞)
二、數量詞的正確使用 (Correct Use of Quantifiers)
根據名詞是可數還是不可數,選擇適合的數量詞。
How much / How many (多少)
- How many + 可數名詞複數:用於詢問可數名詞的數量。
- 例句:
- How many books do you have? (你有多少本書?)
- How many eggs do we need for the cake? (我們做蛋糕需要多少顆蛋?)
- How much + 不可數名詞:用於詢問不可數名詞的數量或價格。
- 例句:
- How much water do you drink every day? (你每天喝多少水?)
- How much is the pizza? (這個披薩多少錢?)
many / much (很多)
- many + 可數名詞複數:主要用於否定句、疑問句,肯定句中較少見或用於強調。
- 例句:
- Do you have many friends? (你有很多朋友嗎?)
- I don't have many cookies left. (我沒有剩下很多餅乾了。)
- There are many beautiful flowers in the garden. (花園裡有許多美麗的花。) (肯定句,強調數量多)
- much + 不可數名詞:主要用於否定句、疑問句,肯定句中較少見或用於強調。
- 例句:
- She doesn't drink much coffee. (她不喝很多咖啡。)
- Is there much sugar in the tea? (茶裡有很多糖嗎?)
- He has much money, so he can buy whatever he wants. (他有很多錢,所以他想買什麼就買什麼。) (肯定句,強調數量多)
a lot of / lots of (很多)
- a lot of / lots of + 可數名詞複數 或 不可數名詞:用於肯定句、否定句和疑問句,表示「很多」。在口語中很常用。
- 例句:
- I have a lot of friends. (我有很多朋友。) (可數)
- She drinks lots of water every day. (她每天喝很多水。) (不可數)
- Do you have a lot of homework tonight? (你今晚有很多功課嗎?) (不可數)
some / any (一些)
- some + 可數名詞複數 或 不可數名詞:
- 用於肯定句,表示「一些」。
- 用於預期得到肯定答案的疑問句 (例如:提供東西或請求時)。
- 例句:
- I bought some apples. (我買了一些蘋果。) (可數)
- Would you like some milk? (你想喝點牛奶嗎?) (提供,不可數)
- Can I have some juice, please? (我可以要些果汁嗎?) (請求,不可數)
- any + 可數名詞複數 或 不可數名詞:
- 主要用於疑問句和否定句,表示「任何」或「一些」。
- 在肯定句中,如果表示「任何一個/一些」,則有特殊用法 (例如:any + 單數可數名詞)。
- 例句:
- Do you have any questions? (你有任何問題嗎?) (疑問句,可數)
- I don't have any pens. (我沒有任何筆。) (否定句,可數)
- Is there any sugar in the coffee? (咖啡裡有糖嗎?) (疑問句,不可數)
- You can choose any book you like. (你可以選任何你喜歡的書。) (肯定句,表示「任何一個」)
one / ones (一個/那些)
- 作為代名詞,避免重複前面提到過的名詞。
- one:代替單數可數名詞。
- 例句:
- I want a red apple, not a green one. (我想要紅蘋果,不是綠色的那顆。)
- ones:代替複數可數名詞。
- 例句:
- These shoes are old. I need new ones. (這些鞋子舊了。我需要新的那些。)
other / others / the other / the others (其他的)
- other + 複數名詞:表示「其他的...」。
- 例句:
- Other students are playing outside. (其他的學生正在外面玩。)
- others (代名詞):表示「其他人/物」,指不特定的「一些」。
- 例句:
- Some people like coffee, others like tea. (有些人喜歡咖啡,另一些人喜歡茶。)
- the other + 單數名詞:指「兩個中的另一個」。
- 例句:
- I have two books. One is red, the other book is blue. (我有兩本書。一本是紅色的,另一本書是藍色的。)
- the other (代名詞):指「兩個中的另一個」。
- 例句:
- I have two books. One is red, the other is blue. (我有兩本書。一本是紅色的,另一本是藍色的。)
- the others (代名詞):指「一群人/物中,除了已提及的,剩下的全部」。
- 例句:
- There are five students. One is here, the others are at home. (有五個學生。一個在這裡,其他的都在家。)
三、常用單字
【名詞類】
食物/飲料
- apple (蘋果)
- sandwich (三明治)
- egg (蛋)
- cookie (餅乾)
- cake (蛋糕)
- chicken (雞肉)
- fish (魚)
- pizza (披薩)
- water (水)
- milk (牛奶)
- sugar (糖)
- rice (米飯)
- bread (麵包)
- juice (果汁)
- coffee (咖啡)
- tea (茶)
- soup (湯)
- salt (鹽)
- flour (麵粉)
- butter (奶油)
- popcorn (爆米花)
- fruit (水果)
- vegetable (蔬菜)
- salad (沙拉)
- ice cream (冰淇淋)
- chocolate (巧克力)
- hamburger (漢堡)
- toast (吐司)
- dessert (甜點)
- meal (餐點)
- snack (點心)
日常生活用品/地點
- book (書)
- chair (椅子)
- table (桌子)
- box (盒子)
- watch (手錶)
- room (房間)
- kitchen (廚房)
- museum (博物館)
- park (公園)
- school (學校)
- station (車站)
- store (商店)
- road (道路)
- street (街道)
- drawer (抽屜)
- cap (帽子)
- shirt (襯衫)
- tie (領帶)
- sock (襪子)
- balloon (氣球)
- report (報告)
- medicine (藥)
- skirt (裙子)
- painting (畫作)
- ticket (票)
- bag (袋子)
- bowl (碗)
- glass (玻璃杯)
- bottle (瓶子)
- slice (片)
- piece (塊)
- mask (口罩)
- phone (手機)
- door (門)
- grid (格子)
- timer (計時器)
- obelisk (方尖碑)
- scene (場景)
- reflection (倒影)
- image (影像)
- vase (花瓶)
人物/關係
- student (學生)
- man (男人)
- woman (女人)
- child (小孩)
- person (人)
- teacher (老師)
- mom (媽媽)
- dad (爸爸)
- grandpa (爺爺/外公)
- son (兒子)
- daughter (女兒)
- neighbor (鄰居)
- stranger (陌生人)
- member (成員)
- clerk (店員)
- shopkeeper (店主)
- friend (朋友)
- teammate (隊友)
其他
- money (錢)
- art (藝術)
- homework (功課)
- time (時間)
- place (地方)
- view (景色)
- season (季節)
- party (派對)
- lesson (課程/教訓)
- style (風格)
- purpose (目的)
- health (健康)
- country (國家)
- percent (百分比)
- minute (分鐘)
- word (單字)
- point (分數)
- list (清單)
- truth (真相)
- detail (細節)
- order (順序)
- dream (夢)
- energy (活力)
- peace (寧靜)
- strength (強度)
- weather (天氣)
- hurricane (颶風)
- impact (影響)
- customer (顧客)
【動詞類】
- have (有;吃)
- take (拿;帶;花費)
- eat (吃)
- drink (喝)
- buy (買)
- sell (賣)
- make (製造;使)
- cook (烹飪)
- want (想要)
- like (喜歡)
- love (愛)
- need (需要)
- know (知道)
- learn (學習)
- go (去)
- come (來)
- visit (拜訪)
- see (看見)
- look (看)
- tell (告訴)
- ask (問)
- say (說)
- talk (說話)
- listen (聽)
- play (玩;演奏)
- practice (練習)
- believe (相信)
- clean (打掃)
- throw (丟)
- find (找到)
- hurt (傷害)
- mean (意指)
- pack (打包)
- send (寄送)
- appear (出現)
- help (幫助)
- lend (借出)
- pick up (接送)
- accept (接受)
- finish (完成)
- spend (花費)
- jump (跳)
- fly (飛)
- move (移動)
- open (打開)
- close (關閉)
- start (開始)
- stop (停止)
- enjoy (享受)
- show (展示)
- paint (畫畫)
- use (使用)
- mix (混合)
- pour (倒)
- roast (烘烤)
- melt (融化)
- refer to (指稱)
- drown (淹沒)
- consist of (由...組成)
- create (創造)
- hang (掛)
- reflect (反射)
- hit (襲擊;打擊)
- drop (掉落)
- drain (排乾)
- fix (修理)
- regret (後悔)
- share (分享)
- remind (提醒)
- wake up (醒來)
- fall asleep (入睡)
- focus (專注)
- belong (屬於)
- admire (欣賞)
- complete (完成)
- dance (跳舞)
- swim (游泳)
- shine (發光)
【形容詞類】
- new (新的)
- old (舊的)
- big (大的)
- small (小的)
- good (好的)
- great (很棒的)
- nice (好的)
- happy (快樂的)
- sad (悲傷的)
- sick (生病的)
- hungry (飢餓的)
- thirsty (口渴的)
- tired (疲倦的)
- sweet (甜的)
- salty (鹹的)
- hot (熱的)
- cold (冷的)
- warm (溫暖的)
- delicious (美味的)
- yummy (美味的)
- curious (好奇的)
- high (高的)
- different (不同的)
- beautiful (美麗的)